Tramadol ( Generic Ultram ) during the postoperative period

The effect of Tramadol ( Generic Ultram ), a new synthetic opioid, on respiration and circulation was examined in 42 patients during the postoperative period after upper abdominal surgery. Pulmonary disorders were present in some patients. Tramadol ( Generic Ultram ) did not affect the haemodynamic parameters; but the tidal volume increased and the respiratory rate fell. Forced vital capacity, which was reduced after the operation, increased, possibly due to the analgesic effect of Tramadol ( Generic Ultram ). The drug appears to be a suitable choice during the postoperative period, especially in patients with pulmonary disorders.

Tramadol ( Generic Ultram ) infusion anesthesia with the substitution of enflurane and various nitrous oxide concentrations

The synthetic opioid Tramadol ( Generic Ultram ) was given to 40 patients during surgery according to a fixed, calculated infusion scheme. Anesthesia was started with thiopental and the patients were given different nitrous oxide concentrations via a semi-open system (group 1: 60%, group 2: 75%). The aim of this study was to clarify whether this anaesthetic procedure is practicable or whether it has grave disadvantages in comparison with the anesthesia models used so far. Furthermore we wanted to clarify whether under this infusion scheme the proportion of N2O in the inspiratory mixture is sufficient or whether higher concentrations are required. In 24 of 40 patients analgesia or the depth of anaesthesia was insufficient so that additional enflurane application was necessary. Postoperative respiratory depression in three patients had to be treated with naloxone. The advantages of this procedure are the safe and easy practicability, absence of significant changes in the haemodynamic parameters, good postoperative response of the patients and postoperative pain relief as well as the low incidence of postoperative side effects such as nausea, vomiting and CO2-retention.


Algo-pupillometric investigation of the analgesic effect of Tramadol ( Generic Ultram ) (author's transl)

1. The analgesic efficacy of 1-(m-methoxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-cyclohexan-1-ol (Tramadol ( Generic Ultram ); Tramal) (75 and 100 mg) was investigated in 22 young, healthy volunteers by means of an algo-pupillometric method. 2. Tramadal itself causes a slight miosis which becomes statistically significant only 3 h after administration. 3. In the algo-pupillogram the effect of Tramadol ( Generic Ultram ) is shown to be biphasic during the first 80 min. Thereafter the pupillary reaction steadily decreases, reaching a minimum after about 3.5--4 h in both dosages. 4. At the time of maximum effect the pupillary reaction of subjects given 75 or 150 mg Tramadol ( Generic Ultram ) is calculated to be equal to that of untreated individuals to whom only 60% or 10%, respectively, of the stimulus intensity has been applied.

The postoperative analgesic effect of Tramadol ( Generic Ultram ) when used as subcutaneous local anesthetic. Recently, it has been shown that Tramadol ( Generic Ultram ) was an effective local anesthetic in minor surgery. In this study, its efficacy for relieving postoperative pain was evaluated. Forty patients undergoing minor surgery (lipoma excision and scar revision) under local anesthesia were included. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups: In group T (n = 20), 2 mg/kg Tramadol ( Generic Ultram ), and in group L (n = 20), 1 mg/kg lidocaine were given subcutaneously. In both groups, the injection volume was 5 mL containing 1/200,000 adrenalin. The degree of the erythema, burning sensation, and pain at the injection site were recorded. Incision response, which is a degree of the pain sensation during incision, was recorded and graded with the visual analog scale (VAS) 0-10. After incision, VAS values were recorded at 15-min intervals. When the VAS score of the pain during surgery exceeded 4, an additional 0.5 mg/kg of the study drug was injected and this dosage was added to the total amount. Patients were discharged on the same day. Subjects with VAS > or =4 were advised to take paracetamol as needed. No side effects were recorded in either group except for 1 patient complaining of nausea in group T at the 30th min of operation. After 24 h, patients were called and the time of first analgesic use and total analgesic dose taken during the postoperative period were recorded. During the 24 postoperative hours, 18 of 20 (90%) subjects did not need any type of analgesia in group T, whereas this number was 10 (50%) in group L (P < 0.05). The time span before taking first analgesic medication was longer (4.9 +/- 0.3 h) in group T than that of group L (4.4 +/- 0.7 h) (P < 0.05). We propose that Tramadol ( Generic Ultram ) can be used as an alternative drug to lidocaine for minor surgeries because of its ability to decrease the demand for postoperative analgesia.

Tramadol ( Generic Ultram ), M1 metabolite and enantiomer affinities for cloned human opioid receptors expressed in transfected HN9.10 neuroblastoma cells.

Tramadol ( Generic Ultram ) hydrochloride is a centrally acting synthetic analgesic in widespread clinical use. Despite different degrees of opioid-like characteristics in preclinical tests, it is characterized by lack of full naloxone reversibility or naloxone-precipitated withdrawal in humans. To investigate this apparent discrepancy, the present study measured the affinity of Tramadol ( Generic Ultram ) (and its enantiomers) and an active O-desmethyl metabolite (M1) (and its enantiomers) to cloned human opioid receptors of the mu, delta and kappa type stably expressed in HN9.10 neuroblastoma cells. At mu sites, the Ki values for Tramadol ( Generic Ultram ), its (+) and (-) enantiomers, M1, and its (+) and (-) enantiomers were 17000, 15700, 28800, 3190, 153 and 9680 nM, respectively, compared to 7.1 nM for morphine. These results are consistent with the suggestion of a non-opioid contribution to the clinical profile of Tramadol ( Generic Ultram ).

Postoperative analgesia following spondylodesis using a peridural catheter placed during surgery. Results of a pilot study

For the treatment of postoperative (p.o.) pain following vertebral surgery, systemic analgesics are frequently used in high doses with a variety of side effects. It was the aim of this study to investigate p.o. epidural catheter analgesia in 20 patients following surgical correction of scoliosis using the Cotrel and Dubousset technique. METHODS. The patients received balanced general anesthesia with fentanyl and isoflurane. At the end of the operation, before closing the fascia, an epidural catheter was placed by the orthopedic surgeon. After extubation and following evaluation of the motor function of all extremities. 6-10 ml bupivacaine 0.25% was injected into the epidural catheter followed by continuous administration of 0.25% bupivacaine 4-8 ml/h. Analgesic level and hemodynamic parameters were monitored. Pain was measured by the visual analogue scale. If analgesia was not sufficient, the patients received Tramadol ( Generic Ultram ) or piritramide intravenously. RESULTS. In 11 of 20 patients epidural analgesia was rated adequate; 5 needed additional systemic analgesics, and in 4 effective analgesia was not achieved with either epidural analgesia or systemic opioids. No complications were observed. DISCUSSION. The pilot study documented that epidural analgesia using an intraoperatively placed epidural catheter can be used for p.o. pain relief after vertebral surgery using the Cotrel and Dubousset technique. Additional studies will compare the method described to other pain-relieving procedures.

Endocrine reaction pattern in the course of a one-phase Tramadol ( Generic Ultram )-N2O combination anesthesia

The ventilatory effects of Tramadol ( Generic Ultram ) (T) and nefopam (N) are evaluated in anesthetized patients with enflurane in a closed circuit breathing system and compared with the effects of pentazocine (P). The following parameters tidal volume (VT), minute ventilation (V), CO2 (capnometry) occlusion pressure (OP), ventilatory response to hypercarbia are recorded after 30 minutes of anaesthesia, before and after repeated injections of the analgesics, P: 15 mg, N: 40 mg, T: 100 mg are injected I.V., and analgesics administration is repeated at 30 minutes interval, so that the patients receive a total P dose of 30 mg, a total N dose of 60 mg and a total T dose of 200 mg. forex trading The administration of 15 mg of P induces a change in VT (-24%), ventilatory frequency (-40%), OP (-18) OP only returns to basal values after a second dose. The ventilatory response to hypercarbie is indeed satisfying (increase of 61% in V). After N and T, ventilatory frequency is not disturbed. V increases of 16% and 11% respectively after the first injection, and of 31% and 2% after the second injection. OP increases by 39% and 56% respectively after the first injection and gets better over time with nefopam (+ 58%), 30 mg of P. 20 mg of N and 100 mg of T are equivalent for analgesia.